Resources

This page contains a large amount of helpful information regarding Artificial Intelligence - click on any of the drop-downs below to view more information about that topic.

  • AI Ethics

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the way we live and work, and education is no exception. From higher education courses to P-12 classrooms, AI is being used to enhance the learning experience for students and teachers alike. However, it is important to use AI ethically and safely to ensure that it benefits everyone involved. To learn more about using AI in education, check out these 10 references.

    Click Here to Read and Download "Hands-On AI Projects for the Classroom"

    1. Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M. (2020). Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(4), 2347-2376.
    2. Blikstein, P. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Journal of Educational Technology, 16(1), 1-5.
    3. Chatti, M. A., Dyckhoff, A. L., Schroeder, U., & Thüs, H. (2020). A reference model for learning analytics. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(2), 93-114.
    4. Dillenbourg, P., & Jermann, P. (2020). Technology for classroom orchestration. In International Handbook of Information Technology in Primary and Secondary Education (pp. 1087-1100). Springer, Boston, MA.
    5. Gao, T., & Li, Y. (2020). A review of artificial intelligence applications in higher education. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1), 1-14.
    6. Hwang, G. J., & Tsai, C. C. (2020). Research trends in mobile and ubiquitous learning: A review of publications in selected journals from 2001 to 2020. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(1), 20-37.
    7. Kizilcec, R. F., & Halawa, S. A. (2020). Attrition and achievement gaps in online learning. Proceedings of the Fourth (2020) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 57-66.
    8. Liu, D. Y., & Huang, R. (2020). A review of artificial intelligence in education: Promises and challenges. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 13(1), 4-17.
    9. Siemens, G. (2020). Learning analytics: The emergence of a discipline. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(10), 1380-1400.
    10. Wang, Y., & Baker, R. S. (2020). Learning analytics and educational data mining: Towards communication and collaboration. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, 1-10.

     

    Additional Resources:

    1. Alharbi, M., & Alharbi, A. (2020). The impact of artificial intelligence on higher education: Opportunities and challenges. Education Sciences, 10(7), 186. doi: 10.3390/educsci10070186
    2. Bao, W. (2020). COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, (2), 113-115. doi: 10.1002/hbe2.191
    3. Chen, B., & Li, N. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: A review of recent research. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 14(1), 1-14. doi: 10.18785/jetde.1401.01
    4. Education Week. (2021). Special report: Artificial intelligence in education. Retrieved from https://www.edweek.org/technology/special-report-artificial-intelligence-in-education/2021/06
    5. Gao, T., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review of recent research. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 13(1), 1-14. doi: 10.18785/jetde.1301.01
    6. Huang, R., & Liu, D. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review of recent research. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 13(1), 15-28. doi: 10.18785/jetde.1301.02
    7. Li, H., & Wang, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review of recent research. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 13(1), 29-42. doi: 10.18785/jetde.1301.03
    8. Liu, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review of recent research. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 13(1), 43-56. doi: 10.18785/jetde.1301.04
    9. UNESCO. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373385
    10. Wang, X., & Liu, Y. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: A review of recent research. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 14(1), 15-28. doi: 10.18785/jetde.1401.02
  • AI In Higher Education

    Harnessing the Era of AI in Higher Education

    Click Here to Read "Harnessing the Era of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education"

  • Ending Course Survey
    Used in Research with AI in Graduate Courses at YSU

    Click Here to View and Download the Ending Course Survey

    The research project of using Ai in Graduate Courses (Cummins, L. &. Beese, J, (2023-2024) utilized the following student survey to measure higher order thinking skills acquired through course assignments utilizing AI.

  • Helpful Websites

    Below are some websites helpful to educators using AI

     

     

  • Keeping Safe With AI

    Personal Information

    Do not share personal information (addresses, social security numbers, phone numbers, email addresses, locations, etc.) (Rijmenam, 2023).

    Plagiarism

    Because AI gets information from the internet, one might be plagiarising by using that information. (Trava, n.d.).

    Verified Apps

    Only use well-known apps that have been verified. (Trava, n.d.)

    Privacy Policies

    Read privacy policies and any terms and conditions (Nield, 2023).

    Optimize Settings

    Different apps have settings that may be able to lower your risk of using AI. For example, you can set ChatGPT to not use information you give it and it will not recall past conversations (Trava, n.d.).

    Inaccurate & Biased Information

    The information given may be inaccurate (Trava, n.d.).
    The information given may be biased and not considerate of different cultural contexts (Huriye, 2023).

    References:

    • Trava. (n.d.). 6 ways to be safe while using AI. Retrieved March 22, 2024, from https://travasecurity.com/learn-with-trava/blog/6-ways-to-be-safe-while-using-ai
    • Daccord, T. (n.d.). How to teach with AI - Grading student work. TOM DACCORD. Retrieved March 22, 2024, from https://www.tomdaccord.com/how-to-teach-with-ai-grading-student-work
    • Huriye, A. Z. (2023). The ethics of artificial intelligence: Examining the ethical considerations surrounding the development and use of AI. American Journal of Technology, 2(1), 37–44. https://gprjournals.org/journals/index.php/AJT/article/view/142
    • Nield, D. (2023, July 16). How to use generative AI tools while still protecting your privacy. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-use-ai-tools-protect-privacy/
    • Van Rijmenam, Mark. (2023, February 17). Privacy in the age of AI: Risks, challenges and solutions. The Digital Speaker https://www.thedigitalspeaker.com/privacy-age-ai-risks-challenges-solutions/
  • References

    Adams, R. (2021). Artificial intelligence in higher education: Current use cases and future applications. EDUCAUSE Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2021/6/educause-quickpoll-results-artificial-intelligence-use-in-higher-education

    Ajero, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence: And Its effects on music instruction. American Music Teacher, 72(5), 16–17.

    Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2017). Digital learning compass: Distance education enrollment report 2017. Babson Survey Group.

    Anderson, M., & Rainie, L. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the end of work. Pew Research Center.

    Ariyo Okaiyeto, S., Junwen Bai, & Hongwei Xiao. (2023). Generative AI in education: To embrace it or not? International Journal of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, 16(3), 285–286. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.8486

    Baker, R. S. J. d., Walonoski, J. A., Heffernan, N., Roll, I., Corbett, A., & Koedinger, K. R. (2008). Why students engage in “gaming the system” behavior in interactive learning environments. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19(2), 185-224.

    Barrot, J. S. (2023). Using ChatGPT for second language writing: Pitfalls and potentials. Assessing Writing, 57(1), N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2023.100745

    Bates, A. W., & Sangrà, A. (2011). Managing technology in higher education: Strategies for transforming teaching and learning. Jossey-Bass.

    Beaunoyer, E., Dupéré, S., & Guitton, M. J. (2020). COVID-19 and digital inequalities: Reciprocal impacts and mitigation strategies. Computers in Human Behavior, 111, 106424.

    Brown, M., & Green, T. (2016). The road to information literacy: Librarians as facilitators of learning. Facet Publishing.

    Brown, S. A., & Lipp, E. (2018). Online teaching and learning: An educational continuum. CRC Press.

    Khan, R. A., Jawaid, M., Khan, A.R., & Sajjad, M. (2023). - Reshaping medical education and clinical management. Pulse International, 24(9), 1–19.

    Cooper, G. (2023). Examining science education in ChatGPT: An exploratory study of generative artificial intelligence. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 32(3), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-023-10039-y

    Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. J. W. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(1), 10-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x

    Duha, M. S. U. (2023). ChatGPT in Education: An opportunity or a challenge for the future? TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 67(3), 402–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-023-00844-y

    Ghiță, I. A., & Stan, A. (2022). The dilemma of teaching in the digital era: Artificial Intelligence. Risks and challenges for education. Jus et Civitas, 2, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.51865/JETC.2022.2.09

    Graesser, A. C., Chipman, P., Leeming, F. C., Biedenbach, D., Haynes, B. C., Zhao, Y., ... & Haimson, J. (2018). Using an intelligent tutoring system to teach crystallization problem solving. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(2), 171-189.

    Gwo-Jen Hwang, & Nian-Shing Chen. (2023). Editorial Position Paper: Exploring the potential of generative artificial intelligence in education: Applications, Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Educational Technology & Society, 26(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202304_26(2).0014

    Henriksen, D., Woo, L. J., & Mishra, P. (2023). Creative uses of ChatGPT for education: a conversation with Ethan Mollick. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 67(4), 595–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-023-00862-w

    Hilton, J., Robinson, T. J., Wiley, D., & Ackerman, J. D. (2016). Costs and financial benefits of open textbooks: A case study at Brigham Young University. The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 31(1), 67-80.

    Hinman, S. (2023). ChatGPT in the classroom: Enhancing teaching strategies with artificial intelligence assistance. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 90(1), 42–44.

    Hsu, Y.-C., & Ching, Y.-H. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence in education, Part One: the Dynamic Frontier. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 67(4), 603–607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-023-00863-9

    Hung, J., & Chen, J. (2023). The benefits, risks and regulation of using ChatGPT in Chinese academia: A content analysis. Social Sciences (2076-0760), 12(7), 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070380

    Ibrahim H, Liu F, Asim R, et al. (2013). Perception, performance, and detectability of conversational artificial intelligence across 32 university courses. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38964-3

    Jamieson, S. (2022). The AI “crisis” and a (re)turn To pedagogy. Composition Studies, 50(3), 153–157.12.

    Kim, J., & Lee, S.-S. (2023). Are two heads better than one?: The effect of student-AI collaboration on students’ learning task performance. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 67(2), 365–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00788-9

    Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., & Stadler, M. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning & Individual Differences, 103, N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274

    Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023). ChatGPT for language teaching and learning. RELC Journal, 54(2), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231162868

    Lan, Y. (2015). Investigating students' use of technology: A case study. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 16(1), 21-32.

    Li, B., & Peng, M. (2022). Integration of an AI-based platform and flipped classroom instructional model. Scientific Programming, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2536382

    Means, B., Bakia, M., & Murphy, R. (2014). Learning online: what research tells us about whether, when and how. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203095959

    Meyer, J. G., Urbanowicz, R. J., Martin, P. C. N., O’Connor, K., Li, R., Peng, P.-C., Bright, T. J., Tatonetti, N., Won, K. J., Gonzalez-Hernandez, G., & Moore, J. H. (2023). ChatGPT and large language models in academia: opportunities and challenges. BioData Mining, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13040-023-00339-9

    Mukherjee, S. (2021). Adoption and challenges of artificial intelligence in higher education: A review study. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 13(3), 231-249.

    Naidoo, L. J. (2023). Max. classroom capacity: ChatGPT Shakes Up I-O Psych Education. TIP: The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 60(4), 1–6.

    Ouyang, F., Zheng, L. & Jiao, P. Artificial intelligence in online higher education: A systematic review of empirical research from 2011 to 2020. Educ Inf Technol 27, 7893–7925 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10925-9

    Picciano, A. G. (2017). Blended learning: Research perspectives (Vol. 2). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Blended-Learning-Research-Perspectives-Volume-2/Picciano-Dziuban-Graham/p/book/9780415632515

    Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Hamilton, H. A., Goldfield, G. S., & Chaput, J.-P. (2022). Problem technology use, academic performance, and school connectedness among adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042337  

    Selwyn, N. (2010). Schools and schooling in the digital age: A Critical Analysis. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Schools-and-Schooling-in-the-Digital-Age-A-Critical-Analysis/Selwyn/p/book/9780415589307

    Seo, K., Tang, J., Roll, I. et al. The impact of artificial intelligence on learner–instructor interaction in online learning. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 18, 54 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00292-9

    Siemens, G. (2013). Learning analytics: The emergence of a discipline. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(10), 1380-1400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213498851

    Su, Y., Lin, Y., & Lai, C. (2023). Collaborating with ChatGPT in argumentative writing classrooms. Assessing Writing, 57, N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2023.100752

    Sweller, J. (1994). Cognitive Load Theory, learning difficulty, and Instructional Design. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4752(94)90003-5

    Trust, T. (2018). Why do we need technology in education? Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 34(2), 54–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2018.1442073 

    Varma, V. S., & Dey, A. (2018). Influence of artificial intelligence in higher education. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.12), 495-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33627-0_7

    Wu, R., & Yu, Z. (2024). Do AI chatbots improve students learning outcomes? Evidence from a meta‐analysis. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(1), 10–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13334

    Yuskovych-Zhukovska, V., Poplavska, T., Diachenko, O., Mishenina, T., Topolnyk, Y., & Gurevych, R. (2022). Application of artificial intelligence in education. Problems and opportunities for sustainable development. BRAIN: Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence & Neuroscience, 13, 339–356. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/13.1Sup1/322

    Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V.I., Bond, M. et al. Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? Int J Educ Technol High Educ 16, 39 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0

  • Ways to Use a Chatbot
    1. Introduce Yourself-Presenting this information will allow it to understand your questions in context.
    2. Be Very Specific with your question(s)
    3. Reframe your question if needed or clarify if you do not receive the information needed.
    4. Check for Bias & Accuracy- Ask it; “Is this real and existing information I can find?”
    5. The AI will do a good percentage of what you are requesting.  However, there is still a percentage of work that is yours, includes checking on privacy, checking on accuracy, asking clarify questions, etc.
    6. Know the Limits-Your judgment matters- decide on what you can or cannot use. You know what you need and what your classroom’s needs are. Make sure you are always checking for privacy standards (i.e., no personal data added to the chatbot system). If you plan to use chatbot with your students in P-12, be extremely focused on privacy and check your district and school’s policies.